Bibliography

  1. "Cyberspace: first steps", edited by Michael Benedikt, MIT Press 1991
  2. "Cyberspace/Cyberbodies/Cyberpunk", edited by Mike Featherstone & Roger Burrows, Sage Publcations 1995
  3. "Data Trash", Arthur Kroker, New World Perspectives 1994
  4. "CyberSociety: Computer-mediated communication and community", edited by Steven G. Jones, Sage Publications 1995
  5. "Cultures of Internet", edited by Rob Shields, Sage Publications 1996
  6. "The Language of New Media", Lev Manovich, MIT Press 2000
  7. "The New Media Reader", edited by Noah Wardrip-Fruin & Nick Montfort, MIT Press 2003
  8. "The Robot in the Garden", edited by Ken Goldberg, MIT Press 2000
  9. "Net Art Guide", Fraunhofer 2000
  10. "Understanding Media", Marshall McLuhan, MIT Press 1994 (first published 1964)

Endnotes

  1. Big Brother first aired on Dutch television in 1999. The format was conceived by John de Mol and produced by his company Endemol. It has been a massive commercial success around the world. Around 15 contestants are confined to a special Big Brother house with no contact to the outside world apart from commands from Big Brother. Under video surveillance 24 hours a day, each week a participant is evicted until only one remains. Audience participation in the eviction process and availability of video footage 24/7 via the internet are special features of the format.
  2. Andy Warhol 1928-1987. One of the most influential artists of the twentieth century and a key figure in the development of Pop Art and the acceptance of popular cultural influences being used in fine art.
  3. Many villages in Africa and India use human powered generators to power their mobile phone chargers as the villages are located off the main electricity power grids.
  4. Mark Pesce’s personal homepage: http://hyperreal.org/~mpesce/
  5. Genesis P-Orridge (born in England, UK, as Neil Andrew Megson 1950). Provocative musician and founder of such bands as Throbbing Gristle and Psychic TV. 1976 exhibition "Prostitution" at London’s ICA together with Cosey Fanni Tutti caused such outrage it was event debated in parliament.
  6. Sandy Stone aka Allucquere Rosanne Stone personal homepage: http://sandystone.com/
  7. "Neuromancer" William Gibson, Ace Books 1984, p51: "The matrix has its roots in primitive arcade games." "Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts...A graphical representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system."
  8. Stelarc’s homepage: http://www.stelarc.va.com.au/
  9. Conversations with Angels is currently no longer available live on the internet. It was hosted by Kiasma, Museum of Contemporary Art, Helsinki, Finland between 1997 – 2000 at http://angels.kiasma.fi. A picture book and stand alone version of the project is available directly from the author. Conversations with Angels is also part of Kiasma’s permanent collection of media art works.
  10. Princess Martha Louise’s alternative therapy centre homepage: http://www.astarte-education.com/eng/
  11. A link to an active java applet recreating Joseph Weizenbaum’s original ELIZA program, which used Natural Language Processing to imitate an emphatic psychologist: http://jerz.setonhill.edu/if/canon/eliza.htm
  12. Since at least the beginning of 19th century art has become removed from any other context such as religion or social power. In earlier times and societies artworks played an active role, they were not purely decorative or aesthetic object but served a function within society. Today the artworld in general is still restricted by the baggage of modernism, while some artists and art movements try to operate within a wider, social context.
  13. "Snowcrash" Neal Stephenson, Bantam Books 1992 describde a 3D virtual world "The Metaverse" which has become the model for a number of 3D online games and software development efforts, notably by the German company Blaxxun (formerly Black Sun, the name for the centre of the Metaverse in Stephenson’s book). "Conversations with Angels" used Blaxxun software.
  14. "Will the Real Body Please Stand Up?" Allucquere Rosanne Stone, Chapter 6, "Cyberspace First Steps" MIT Press 1991
  15. http://www.facebook.com
  16. http://www.myspace.com
  17. http://www.youtube.com
  18. Blast Theory homepage: http://www.blasttheory.co.uk
  19. Jodi.org: http://jodi.org
  20. "Community Building on the Web" Amy Jo Kim, presentation at VirComm99, 1999
  21. VRML97 has evolved into X3D. See the Web3D Consortium website for full details: http://www.web3d.org
  22. ParallelGraphics homepage: http://www.parallelgraphics.com. ParallelGraphics currently are focused on the 3D visualisation for industry, medicine and science.
  23. Humanoid Animation Working Group homepage: http://www.h-anim.org
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